mirror of https://github.com/OpenIPC/wiki.git
230 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
230 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
# OpenIPC Wiki
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[Table of Content](../README.md)
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Frequently Asked Questions
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---------------------------
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### How to strip U-Boot Image wrapper header from a binary image
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Sometimes vendor's firmware consists of binary images intended
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for use with U-Boot image loader and prepended with headers in
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[U-Boot Image wrapper format](https://formats.kaitai.io/uimage/).
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The header should be stripped off before you can use such an image
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as a raw binary file. Here's how you can strip the first 64 bytes
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from a file:
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```bash
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dd if=inputfile.img of=outputfile.bin bs=64 skip=1
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```
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alternatively
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```bash
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tail -c +65 inputfile.img > outputfile.bin
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```
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### How to get into bootloader shell?
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[There is a handful of ways to get access to a locked bootloader shell](help-uboot.md#bypassing-password-protected-bootloader)
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### How to reset camera settings from U-Boot
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Sometimes improper settings make the camera unstable to the point where it is
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impossible to log in or not enough time before rebooting to fix the settings.
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Here's how to completely erase the overlay partition in the OpenIPC firmware,
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right from the bootloader shell, to bring the camera back to its pristine state:
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> __only for 8MB flash partitioning__
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```
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sf probe 0; sf erase 0x750000 0xb0000; reset
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```
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> __only for 16MB flash partitioning__
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```
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sf probe 0; sf erase 0xd50000 0x2b0000; reset
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```
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### How to sign in into camera via SSH?
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`ssh root@<camera_ip_address>`
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There is _12345_ password by default.
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### How to sign in into camera Web UI?
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Open http://<camera_ip_address>:85/ and sign in using default username _root_
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and default password _12345_. You will be asked to change the password after
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successful login.
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__Please note, it will also change your ssh root password!__
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### How to reset password for SSH/Web UI?
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Create a serial connection to the camera using a UART adapter and a terminal
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program. After turning on the camera, press Ctrl-C to interrupt the boot
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sequence and enter the bootloader shell.
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For a camera with 8MB flash chip, run
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```bash
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sf probe; sf erase 0x750000 0xb0000; reset
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```
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For a camera with 16MB flash chip, run
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```bash
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sf probe; sf erase 0xd50000 0x2b0000; reset
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```
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### How to find information about the camera hardware and software?
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Sign in on camera via `ssh` and run `ipctool`.
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### I don't see ipctool on camera. Why?
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You don't see it because initially it is not there, but there is a shell
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command of the same name.
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_(Since it's a shell command, it won't work from Web Console in web UI.
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Sign in to the camera via SSH and run the command in there.)_
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When you run this command, the latest available version of `ipctool` utility
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gets downloaded into `/tmp/` directory and runs from there. Since the utility
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resides in `/tmp/`, it won't survive a reboot, thus won't take any useful space
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on the camera afterwards.
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If you need to know what is in the command, search for `ipctool` in the
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`/etc/profile` file.
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### How to dump full firmware to an NFS share
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This could work if you are lucky, you gained access into Linux shell on stock
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firmware, and it does support NFS mounting:
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```bash
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fw=$(mktemp -t)
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nfs=$(dirname $fw)/nfs
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mkdir -p $nfs
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mount -t nfs -o tcp,nolock 192.168.1.123:/path/to/nfs/share $nfs
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cat /dev/mtdblock? > $fw
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mv $fw ${nfs}/firmware_full.bin
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```
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Make sure to use your own IP address and path to the NFS share!
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### How to find original MAC address in a firmware dump
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```bash
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strings dumpfile.bin | grep ^ethaddr
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```
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### How to configure ssh session authorization by key
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__On the camera__: Sign in into web UI on port 85 of your camera.
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```bash
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passwd
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```
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__On the desktop__: Copy the public key to the camera by logging in with the
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password created above.
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```bash
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ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.66
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```
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__On the camera__: Create a `.ssh` folder in the root user's home directory
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and copy the file with the authorized keystore into it.
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```bash
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mkdir ~/.ssh
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cp /etc/dropbear/authorized_keys ~/.ssh/
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```
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__On the desktop__: Open a new session to verify that the authorization is
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passed using the public key not requesting a password.
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```bash
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ssh root@192.168.1.66
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```
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### Majestic
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#### How to get a memory dump for debugging?
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Enable and configure Core Dump in the menu **Majestic** > **Majestic Debugging**.
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#### Camera image has a pink tint
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You need to specify GPIO pins to control the infrared filter.
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Settings for some cameras can be found in [this table][1].
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If your camera is not in the table then you need to use [ipctool utility][2].
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The OpenIPC firmware will automatically download the latest version of the
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utility to the /tmp directory when `ipctool` is invoked first time.
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On stock firmware, you will need to download the utility to the camera yourself
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using any tools available in the system: wget, curl, tftp etc.
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For example, download the ipctool utility to TFTP server on the local network,
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then download it to the camera:
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```bash
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tftp -g -r ipctool -l /tmp/ipctool 192.168.1.1
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chmod +x /tmp/ipctool
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/tmp/ipctool
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```
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If the camera has access to the internet, you can try to mount a public NFS
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sharing and run the utility from it, without downloading to the camera:
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```bash
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mkdir -p /tmp/utils
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mount -o nolock 95.217.179.189:/srv/ro /tmp/utils/
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/tmp/utils/ipctool
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```
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After the utility is downloaded to the camera, run the `ipctool gpio scan`
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command in the terminal and open-close the camera lens a couple of times with
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your palm.
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Watch the output of ipctool to determine the pins responsible for controlling
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the IR filter curtain.
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Enter the values obtained in the settings for the night mode Majestic. If the
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pink tint still persists, you may need to enable sensor signal inversion.
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Don't forget to add the camera model and found GPIO values to the table!
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#### Is it possible to display the data for setting the auto focus of lenses
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instead of the current sample_af in the standard /metrics?
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No, this is a difficult algorithm, it does not have a sense to run it this way.
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#### Copy files from Linux system to camera
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Sometimes you need to transfer files to the camera. In addition to the above
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method using NFS (Network File System) you can use the standard Linux `scp`
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command to copy files over an SSH connection:
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```bash
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scp ~/myfile root@192.168.1.65:/tmp/
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```
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This command will copy `myfile` from the home directory to the `/tmp/`
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directory on the camera.
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On recent Linux systems the following error may occur:
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```console
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sh: /usr/libexec/sftp-server: not found
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scp: Connection closed
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```
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In this case, add `-O` option to the command:
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```bash
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scp -O ~/myfile root@192.168.1.65:/tmp/
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```
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[1]: https://openipc.org/wiki/en/gpio-settings.html
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[2]: https://github.com/OpenIPC/ipctool/releases/download/latest/ipctool
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